What type of refrigerant is commonly used in modern HVAC systems?

The commonly used refrigerant in modern HVAC systems is R-410A. This refrigerant is a blend of two components, difluoromethane (R-32) and pentafluoroethane (R-125), which work together to provide efficient cooling and heating. R-410A is favored because it operates at a higher pressure than older refrigerants, which allows for increased efficiency in heat transfer. Additionally, R-410A is chlorine-free, making it more environmentally friendly compared to its predecessors like R-22 and R-12, which are known to contribute to ozone depletion.

The shift to R-410A is also in line with regulatory changes aimed at reducing the environmental impact of refrigerants. As older refrigerants are phased out due to their harmful effects on the ozone layer and global warming potential, R-410A has become the preferred choice for new HVAC installations, reflecting its compatibility with modern technology and environmental standards.